EPA issues VW with second Notice of Violation

Just over six weeks since the VW emissions scandal broke, the company's recently-appointed Chief Executive has found himself in receipt of a second Notice of Violation (NOV) from the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Unlike the first NOV, issued on 18 September whilst Matthias Mueller's predecessor, Martin Winterkorn, was still at the helm, this second NOV of the Clean Air Act (CAA) has been issued not only to Volkswagen AG, Audi AG and Volkswagen Group of America, but also Mueller's former company, Porsche (Porsche AG and Porsche Cars North America). The NOV bundles all five organisations under one term, Volkswagen (VW).